President Harry Truman agreed to a policy that restricted territorial growth/communism-- The Truman Doctrine
The S.U. in 1949 tested their own atomic bomb and Truman demanded the U.S. to make one even more powerful
On October 4, 1957, the competion started and the S.U. launched the worlds first satellite, Sputnik
Fear in U.S.--> bomb shelters, "duck and cover" drills
there was an Arms race--> weapons, build ups--> nuclear weapons esp
There was a space race--> satellites, tech, the moon, spying, NASA
In 1958, the U.S. launched Exploerer I
in April 1969, the S.U. launched the first man into space and then a fews months later the U.S. launched the first man to set food on the moon
Red scare--> Fear of communism
HUAC- ivestigated American beliefs--> Are there communists in the U.S.; caused many Hollywood people to lose their jobs b/c they might be communists
1950- Korea War began--> North Korea vs South Korea
Korea(it is split in 2 and North Korea is communist), Cuba(communist country) , Vietnam War(American failure because it it now a communist country)
coldwar.gif
What can we learn from looking at the Cold War map above?
The U.S. Allies covered more ground than the S.U. Allies
China was the only communist country, but not Allied
Africa not involved
The Iron curtain divided Germany in half
The U.S. Allies seem to be mostly in the west and then some in the east
Quotes:
1. The Cold War began with the division of Europe. It can only end when Europe is whole.
- President George H.W. Bush
to end this war Europe must be whole, not divided, must be all communist or all democratic
2. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
- President Harry Truman
Choice--> democracy--> like the U.S. or communism--> like the S.U.
3. "The people who cast the votes don't decide an election, the people who count the votes do."
-Joseph Stalin
Corruption
4. The Truman Doctrine Speech by President Harry S. Truman to congress: What was his policy?
His policy was that the people had a choice on what they wanted to do and the Gov't would assist them in economic and finacial aid.
it was his policy to help free people who were oppressed
*Help countries resist communism through ecnomic aid*; CONTAINMENT; don't let communism spread
B. The Basics
Who was the Cold War between?
The U.S. and its allies and the S.U. and its allies
When was the Cold War?
around 1945 to 1991- lasted so long because it was a "cold" war
Why did it occur? What was it over?
the types of gov't and economy that countries would have after WWII- many countries that the axis powers had controlled during the war(ex Germany, Vietnam, Poland, Japan, etc.) Result: Japan(democracy), Germany(split), then communist), Poland(communist)
Why is it called "the Cold War?"
it was called the Cold war because of the relationshipp between the U.S. and the S.U. after WWII
it was "cold" because there was not a lot of direct military fighting- it was mostly ideas and trying to spread democracy or communism
We will complete the following chart:
ECONOMY
DESCRIPTION
POLITICS
DESCRIPTION
THE UNITED STATES
Capitalism
Citizens run the Businesse
Competition drives the industries
Democracy
People control the gov't by picking their representatives
many individual rights and freedoms
THE SOVIET UNION
communism
Gov't runs the economy
Dictatorship
One person with complete power and control
limited individual rights and freedoms
Communism--> in theory is about trying to have a classless society- no rich, no poor
6. QUESTIONS: use the info below the question and your background knowledge to answer these two questions:
Why was America so set on stopping the spread of Soviet influence? What is so bad about communism? What was so bad about the Soviets?
What did the Soviets think was so bad about America and capitalism?
Video: Korean War
in 1950, North Korea(communist) invades South Korea
S.U. created an Atomic bomb in 1949
containment was successful in Europe but not in Asia, china - communist in 1949
S.U. --> North Korea
U.S.through the U.N. helped South Korea ( police action- not - war)
Truman did not want the Chinese people to cross the river that separated them and Korea
but China eventually became involved
S. Korea and N. Korea were split into two by the 38th parallel
Truman believed in the Domino theory
1951- stalemate
1953- ceasefire
The Korean War was successful in terms of containing communism
The Cold War on the Home front:
investigations/accusations of Americans being Communists and/or spies
Fear/ paranoia
HUAC(house of representatives)--> congressional hearings
The Marshall Plan:
European recovery program
it was supposed to rebuild econmic crisis
operating for 4 years, started in april 1948-1952
the U.S. wanted to restore war damges
they wanted to help the S.U. and its allies, but they did not accept
secretary of state George C. Marshall and president Truman
U.S. program to help Europe rebuild its economy
fighting the spread of communism
stable economies = democracy?
$13 billion U.S. aid to 17 European countries( most money to Britain, France, Italy, West Germany)
the marshall plan started with Greece and Turkey in giving them money
very successful program and helps with containment
McCartyism
named after Joseph McCarty and it is a belief.
senator of Wisconsin
exposing communists wherever they were, including the U.S. gov't
he made a lot of accusations but turned out he had very little evidence
1950-1953
Can we fight communism without violating citizens' rights?
UNIT 7- THE COLD WAR
Major aspects of the Cold War
What can we learn from looking at the Cold War map above?
Quotes:
1. The Cold War began with the division of Europe. It can only end when Europe is whole.
- President George H.W. Bush
2. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
- President Harry Truman
3. "The people who cast the votes don't decide an election, the people who count the votes do."
-Joseph Stalin
4. The Truman Doctrine Speech by President Harry S. Truman to congress: What was his policy?
B. The Basics
Who was the Cold War between?
When was the Cold War?
Why did it occur? What was it over?
Why is it called "the Cold War?"
We will complete the following chart:
Communism--> in theory is about trying to have a classless society- no rich, no poor
6. QUESTIONS: use the info below the question and your background knowledge to answer these two questions:
Why was America so set on stopping the spread of Soviet influence? What is so bad about communism? What was so bad about the Soviets?
What did the Soviets think was so bad about America and capitalism?
Video: Korean War
The Cold War on the Home front:
The Marshall Plan:
McCartyism